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تسجيل صفحاتك المفضلة في مواقع خارجية
قم بحفظ و مشاطرة الرابط ثـــانـــويــــــة الــعــقــيــد بــوقـــــــرة - الشلف على موقع حفظ الصفحات
قم بحفض و مشاطرة الرابط ثـــانـــويــــــة الــعــقــيــد بــوقـــــــرة - الشلف على موقع حفض الصفحات
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Written Expression : Algeria and Ancient Civilisations
ثـــانـــويــــــة الــعــقــيــد بــوقـــــــرة - الشلف :: القسم التربوي :: المواد الأدبية :: اللغة الانجليزية :: تمارين و تطبيقات السنة الثالثة
صفحة 1 من اصل 1
Written Expression : Algeria and Ancient Civilisations
من طرف SAADI الخميس مايو 12, 2011 9:38 pm
Topic02:
Algeria was the cradle of many ancient civilizations. Discuss.
Typical Essay:
Algeria is a huge country in Northern
Africa. It covers 920,000 square miles (2,380,000 sq. km), making
it more than three times the size of Texas, and the 11th largest nation on
Earth. It shares borders with Libya,
Mali, Mauritania, Morocco,
Niger, Tunisia, and Western Sahara, and has coastline
on the Mediterranean.
People have been living in the region that is
now Algeria, and the
surrounding Maghreb, for more than 200,000
years. The first civilizations sprang up between 4000 and 8000 years ago,
eventually forming a cohesive population, usually referred to collective as the
Berber culture.
From about 900 BCE Algeria
has been invaded repeatedly by various peoples, mostly from across the Mediterranean. First the Phoenicians came, trading along
the coast and eventually establishing Carthage
in nearby Tunisia and
various outposts in Algeria.
Then came the Romans, who conquered the Berbers more-or-less completely by 24
AD. By the 4th century Algeria
had been converted to Christianity.
Beginning in the 8th century Algeria, and the greater Maghreb,
became a strategic target for the expanding Islamic world. By the end of the
first decade of the 8th century the Umayyads had conquered all of North Africa,
including Algeria.
Over the next few centuries Algeria
converted to Islam and was Arabized dramatically.
In the 16th century Algeria came under the control of the Ottoman Empire, and became a center for Mediterranean piracy and privateering.
It was in Algeria
that the infamous pirate Red Beard (neé Barbarossa) eventually was based, as a provincial
governor. During this period both Arabs and native Berbers saw their roles
diminished, as Turkish became the national language and Turks became entrenched
in most positions of power. Piracy continued to spread and become
institutionalized in Algeria,
as well as its neighbors, in a confederacy known as the Barbary States. In addition to capturing the
wealth of European traders, these pirates also began capturing Christians as
slaves, a turn of events that eventually led the young United States to enter into two of its earliest
wars against the Barbary Coast.
In the early 19th century Algeria was
conquered by the French, who began to settle and develop the region. Although
infrastructure developed under French control, to the majority of the Muslim
inhabitants of Algeria, France was seen
as a harsh colonial power. Resistance and open revolt continued throughout all
of the French occupation, but it began to grow substantially and develop during
the 1930s. Although relatively peaceful attempts were made for a Constitution
and more equality in the mid-1940s, these were met with no support by the
French government.
By 1954 the situation had gotten bad enough
that the citizenry revolted on a massive scale. The National Liberation Front
was the main body of revolt, launching a full-scale civil war that would last for eight years. In that time nearly two million
Algerians would die, and another two to three million were relocated. Independence was finally
achieved in 1962, after one of the longest, bloodiest wars for independence in
modern history.
Algeria was the cradle of many ancient civilizations. Discuss.
Typical Essay:
Algeria is a huge country in Northern
Africa. It covers 920,000 square miles (2,380,000 sq. km), making
it more than three times the size of Texas, and the 11th largest nation on
Earth. It shares borders with Libya,
Mali, Mauritania, Morocco,
Niger, Tunisia, and Western Sahara, and has coastline
on the Mediterranean.
People have been living in the region that is
now Algeria, and the
surrounding Maghreb, for more than 200,000
years. The first civilizations sprang up between 4000 and 8000 years ago,
eventually forming a cohesive population, usually referred to collective as the
Berber culture.
From about 900 BCE Algeria
has been invaded repeatedly by various peoples, mostly from across the Mediterranean. First the Phoenicians came, trading along
the coast and eventually establishing Carthage
in nearby Tunisia and
various outposts in Algeria.
Then came the Romans, who conquered the Berbers more-or-less completely by 24
AD. By the 4th century Algeria
had been converted to Christianity.
Beginning in the 8th century Algeria, and the greater Maghreb,
became a strategic target for the expanding Islamic world. By the end of the
first decade of the 8th century the Umayyads had conquered all of North Africa,
including Algeria.
Over the next few centuries Algeria
converted to Islam and was Arabized dramatically.
In the 16th century Algeria came under the control of the Ottoman Empire, and became a center for Mediterranean piracy and privateering.
It was in Algeria
that the infamous pirate Red Beard (neé Barbarossa) eventually was based, as a provincial
governor. During this period both Arabs and native Berbers saw their roles
diminished, as Turkish became the national language and Turks became entrenched
in most positions of power. Piracy continued to spread and become
institutionalized in Algeria,
as well as its neighbors, in a confederacy known as the Barbary States. In addition to capturing the
wealth of European traders, these pirates also began capturing Christians as
slaves, a turn of events that eventually led the young United States to enter into two of its earliest
wars against the Barbary Coast.
In the early 19th century Algeria was
conquered by the French, who began to settle and develop the region. Although
infrastructure developed under French control, to the majority of the Muslim
inhabitants of Algeria, France was seen
as a harsh colonial power. Resistance and open revolt continued throughout all
of the French occupation, but it began to grow substantially and develop during
the 1930s. Although relatively peaceful attempts were made for a Constitution
and more equality in the mid-1940s, these were met with no support by the
French government.
By 1954 the situation had gotten bad enough
that the citizenry revolted on a massive scale. The National Liberation Front
was the main body of revolt, launching a full-scale civil war that would last for eight years. In that time nearly two million
Algerians would die, and another two to three million were relocated. Independence was finally
achieved in 1962, after one of the longest, bloodiest wars for independence in
modern history.
SAADI- أستاذ
- التخصص : لغة إنجليزية
مواضيع مماثلة» Written Expression : Compare and Contrast
» Written Expression : Modern civilization
» Written Expression : Greek civilization and Science
» Written Expression : Ancient Egyptian Civilisation
» Written Expression : Egyptian Civilisation and Science
» Written Expression : Modern civilization
» Written Expression : Greek civilization and Science
» Written Expression : Ancient Egyptian Civilisation
» Written Expression : Egyptian Civilisation and Science
ثـــانـــويــــــة الــعــقــيــد بــوقـــــــرة - الشلف :: القسم التربوي :: المواد الأدبية :: اللغة الانجليزية :: تمارين و تطبيقات السنة الثالثة
صفحة 1 من اصل 1
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